|  | 
				
					
						| 1. | Bavbek M, Polin R, Kwan AL, Arthur AS, Kassell NF, Lee KS: Monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1 and CD18 attenuate cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Stroke 29:1930–1936, 1998 |  
						| 2. | Butcher RL, Collins WE, Fugo NW: Plasma concentration of LH, FSH, prolactin, progesterone and estradiol-17beta throughout the 4-day estrous cycle of the rat. Endocrinology 94:1704–1708, 1974 |  
						| 3. | Chen Z, Yuhanna IS, Galcheva-Gargova Z, Karas RH, Mendelsohn ME, Shaul PW: Estrogen receptor alpha mediates the nongenomic activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by estrogen. J Clin Invest 103:401–406, 1999 |  
						| 4. | Cook DA: Mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage. Pharmacol Ther 66:259–284, 1995 |  
						| 5. | Darkow DJ, Lu L, White RE: Estrogen relaxation of coronary artery smooth muscle is mediated by nitric oxide and cGMP. Am J Physiol 272:H2765–H2773, 1997 |  
						| 6. | Davis P: Stroke in women. Curr Opin Neurol 7:36–40, 1994 |  
						| 7. | Draeger A, Amos WB, Ikebe M, Small JV: The cytoskeletal and contractile apparatus of smooth muscle: contraction bands and segmentation of the contractile elements. J Cell Biol 111: 2463–2473, 1990 |  
						| 8. | Dubey RK, Jackson EK: Estrogen-induced cardiorenal protection: potential cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 280:F365–F388, 2001 |  
						| 9. | Geerts A, Niki T, Hellemans K, De Craemer D, Van Den Berg K, Lazou JM, et al: Purification of rat hepatic stellate cells by side scatter-activated cell sorting. Hepatology 27:590–598, 1998 |  
						| 10. | Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rosner B, et al: Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 335:453–461, 1996 |  
						| 11. | Hall ED, Pazara KE, Linseman KL: Sex differences in postischemic neuronal necrosis in gerbils. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11:292–298, 1991 |  
						| 12. | Handa Y, Kaneko M, Takeuchi H, Tsuchida A, Kobayashi H, Kubota T: Effect of an antioxidant, ebselen, on development of chronic cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in primates. Surg Neurol 53:323–329, 2000 |  
						| 13. | Hatake K, Wakabayashi I, Kakishita E, Hishida S: Impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in human basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 23:1111–1117, 1992 |  
						| 14. | Hayashi T, Yamada K, Esaki T, Kuzuya M, Satake S, Ishikawa T, et al: Estrogen increases endothelial nitric oxide by a receptor-mediated system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 214:847–855, 1995 |  
						| 15. | Hino A, Tokuyama Y, Weir B, Takeda J, Yaho H, Bell GI, et al: Changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA during vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys. Neurosurgery 39:562–568, 1996 |  
						| 16. | Hirose H, Ide K, Sasaki T, Takahashi R, Kobayashi M, Ikemoto F, et al: The role of endothelin and nitric oxide in modulation of normal and spastic cerebral vascular tone in the dog. Eur J Pharmacol 277:77–87, 1995 |  
						| 17. | Johnston SC, Colford JM Jr, Gress DR: Oral contraceptives and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Neurology 51:411–418, 1998 |  
						| 18. | Johnston SC, Selvin S, Gress DR: The burden, trends, and demographics of mortality from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 50:1413–1418, 1998 |  
						| 19. | Khurana VG, Smith LA, Baker TA, Eguchi D, O’Brien T, Katusic ZS: Protective vasomotor effects of in vivo recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression in a canine model of cerebral vasospasm. Stroke 33:782–789, 2002 |  
						| 20. | Kim P, Schini VB, Sundt TM Jr, Vanhoutte PM: Reduced production of cGMP underlies the loss of endothelium-dependent relaxations in the canine basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Circ Res 70:248–256, 1992 |  
						| 21. | Kongable GL, Lanzino G, Germanson TP, Truskowski LL, Alves WM, Torner JC, et al: Gender-related differences in aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 84:43–48, 1996 |  
						| 22. | Kuo PC, Abe K, Schroeder RA: Superoxide enhances interleukin 1beta-mediated transcription of the hepatocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. Gastroenterology 118:608–618, 2000 |  
						| 23. | Kwan AL, Lin CL, Yanamoto H, Howng SL, Kassell NF, Lee KS: Systemic administration of the potassium channel activator cromakalim attenuates cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 42:347–351, 1998 |  
						| 24. | Longstreth WT, Nelson LM, Koepsell TD, van Belle G: Subarachnoid hemorrhage and hormonal factors in women. A populationbased case-control study. Ann Intern Med 121:168–173, 1994 |  
						| 25. | Longstreth WT Jr, Koepsell TD, Yerby MS, van Belle G: Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 16:377–385, 1985 |  
						| 26. | McNeill AM, Zhang C, Stanczyk FZ, Duckles SP, Krause DN: Estrogen increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase via estrogen receptors in rat cerebral blood vessels: effect preserved after concurrent treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate or progesterone. Stroke 33:1685–1691, 2002 |  
						| 27. | Medele RJ, Stummer W, Reulen HJ, Steiger HJ: Evidence for peroxidative damage by nitric oxide in experimental chronic cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 18:277–280, 1996 |  
						| 28. | Meguro T, Clower BR, Carpenter R, Parent AD, Zhang JH: Im- proved rat model for cerebral vasospasm studies. Neurol Res 23: 761–766, 2001 |  
						| 29. | Okamoto K, Horisawa R, Kawamura T, Asai A, Ogino M, Takagi T, et al: Menstrual and reproductive factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage risk in women: a case-control study in Nagoya, Japan. Stroke 32:2841–2844, 2001 |  
						| 30. | Park JK, Kim HJ, Chang SJ, Koh SB, Koh SY: Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke in Wonju, Korea. Yonsei Med J 39:229–235, 1998 |  
						| 31. | Park KW, Metais C, Dai HB, Comunale ME, Sellke FW: Microvascular endothelial dysfunction and its mechanism in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Anesth Analg 92:990–996, 2001 |  
						| 32. | Saito A, Kamii H, Kato I, Takasawa S, Kondo T, Chan PH, et al: Transgenic CuZn-superoxide dismutase inhibits NO synthase induction in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 32: 1652–1657, 2001 |  
						| 33. | Sarrel PM: The differential effects of oestrogens and progestins on vascular tone. Hum Reprod Update 5:205–209, 1999 |  
						| 34. | Satta MA, Jacobs RA, Kaltsas GA, Grossman AB: Endotoxin induces interleukin-1beta and nitric oxide synthase mRNA in rat hypothalamus and pituitary. Neuroendocrinology 67:109–116, 1998 |  
						| 35. | Sayama T, Suzuki S, Fukui M: Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Neurol Res 21:293–298, 1999 |  
						| 36. | Simpkins JW, Rajakumar G, Zhang YQ, Simpkins CE, Greenwald D, Yu CJ, et al: Estrogens may reduce mortality and ischemic damage caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the female rat. J Neurosurg 87:724–730, 1997 |  
						| 37. | Simpson RK Jr, Contant CF, Fischer DK, Cech DA, Robertson CS, Narayan RK: Epidemiological characteristics of subarachnoid hemorrhage in an urban population. J Clin Epidemiol 44: 641–648, 1991 |  
						| 38. | Suzuki H, Kanamaru K, Tsunoda H, Inada H, Kuroki M, Sun H, et al: Heme oxygenase-1 gene induction as an intrinsic regulation against delayed cerebral vasospasm in rats. J Clin Invest 104:59–66, 1999 |  
						| 39. | Thorogood M, Mann J, Murphy M, Vessey M: Fatal stroke and use of oral contraceptives: findings from a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 136:35–45, 1992 |  
						| 40. | Toyoda T, Kwan AL, Bavbek M, Kassell NF, Wanebo JE, Lee KS: Enhanced endogenous antioxidant activity and inhibition of cerebral vasospasm in rabbits by pretreatment with a nontoxic endotoxin analog, monophosphoryl lipid A. J Neurosurg 88: 1082–1087, 1998 |  
						| 41. | Widenka DC, Medele RJ, Stummer W, Bise K, Steiger HJ: Inducible nitric oxide synthase: a possible key factor in the pathogenesis of chronic vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 90:1098–1104, 1999 |  
						| 42. | Yamakawa H, Jezova M, Ando H, Saavedra JM: Normalization of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats by angiotensin II AT1 receptor inhibition. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 23: 371–380, 2003 |  
						| 43. | Yang SH, He Z, Wu SS, Cutright J, Millard WJ, Day AL, et al: 17- beta estradiol can reduce secondary ischemic damage and mortality of subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 21: 174–181, 2001 |  
						| 44. | Zancan V, Santagati S, Bolego C, Vegeto E, Maggi A, Publisi L: 17Beta-estradiol decreases nitric oxide synthase II synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Endocrinology 140:2004–2009, 1999 |  |